| Each world currency is given a three letter code which is used in FOREX quotes. The most common currencies are USD (US dollars), EUR (European Euros), GBP (United Kingdom pounds), AUD (Australian dollars), JPY (Japanese yen), CHF (Swiss francs) and CAD (Canadian dollars). |
Prices of foreign exchange are indicated by FX quotes in pairs of currencies. The first currency is the 'base' and the second is the 'quote' currency. In this example:
USD/EUR = 0.8320
...the currency pair is US dollars and European Euros. The base currency (USD) is always at '1' and the quote currency shows how much it costs to buy one unit of the base currency. In this example, 1 US dollar costs 0.8320 Euros.
Conversely...
EUR/USD = 1.1993
...tells us that it costs 1.1993 US dollars to buy 1 euro.
When the price of the quote currency goes up it indicates that the base currency is becoming stronger – one unit of the base currency will buy more of the quote currency. If the quote currency falls, however, the base currency is becoming weaker.
Foreign Exchange quotes are seen in 'bid' and 'ask' prices. Bid is the price that buyers will pay for the base currency (while selling the quote currency), and ask is the price that sellers will sell the base currency (while buying the quote currency).
| Symbol | Bid | Ask |
| USD/CAD | 1.2329 | 1.2379 |
This chart tells us that we can buy one American dollar for 1.2379 Canadian dollars, or sell one American dollar for 1.2329 Canadian dollars. The most commonly traded currencies pairs are the 'Majors' – GBP/USD, EUR/USD, AUD/USD, USD/JPY, USD/CHF, and USD/CAD.
We often see exchange rates listed in cross currency charts that list many different currencies and their values against each other. An example of such a chart is seen here:
| | US $ | Ca $ | Euro | UK £ |
| US $ | 1.00000 | 1.24070 | 0.83953 | 0.56807 |
| Ca $ | 0.80600 | 1.00000 | 0.67657 | 0.45841 |
| Euro | 1.19114 | 1.47805 | 1.00000 | 0.67755 |
| UK £ | 1.7603 | 2.18147 | 1.47591 | 1.00000 |
In this chart, the currencies listed down the left side of the chart are the base currencies and the currencies at the top are the quote currencies. We can convert the chart above into currency pairs by following the row beside the base currency. Using US dollars as the base currency we get the following currency pairs:
USD/CAD = 1.24070
USD/EUR = 0.83953
USD/GBP = 0.56807
...which tells us that one US dollar is equal to the corresponding value of the quote currency. To find the opposite pair e.g. CAD/USD follow the Canadian dollar row to the US dollar column - CAD/USD = 0.80600 (one Canadian dollar is worth 0.80600 US dollars).
There is no standard for cross-currency charts – some have the base currency on the top and some have it on the side. How to tell which is which? You need to know at least one pair of currencies and which one of the pair is more valuable.
Currency prices are determined by a number of factors, the most important of which are economic and political conditions in the issuing country. Political stability, inflation, and interest rates are all factored into the price of any currency. In addition, governments can try to control the price of their currency by either flooding the market (to lower the price) or buying extensively (to raise the price).
Because of the immense volume of FOREX, however, it is impossible for one force to control the market for any length of time. Market forces will prevail in the long run, making FOREX one of the most open and fair investment opportunities available.
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